Theory Stress Reduction Factor (Rd) NovoCPT covers the following methods for calculating Rd: NCEER (1997) based on Seed & Idriss (1971) rd= 1.0 - 0.00765 Z rd= 1.174 - 0.0267 Z rd= 0.744 - 0.008 Z rd= 0.50 for z ≤ 9.15 m for 9.15 m < z ≤ 23 m for 23 m < z ≤ 30 m for z > 30 m Thomas F. Blake (FugroWest Inc., Ventura, California) Idriss & Boulanger (2008) (based on Golesorkhi 1997 and Idriss 1999 works) Kayen et al. (1992) rd = 1 - 0.012 Z